Awake

Taxonomy of product categories is ‘product_cat’ this is found under admin dashboard > left side Products > Categories option click please see red marked into below screenshot

$args = array(
   'taxonomy' => 'product_cat',
   'number' => 6,
   'orderby' => 'date',
   'order’ => 'DESC',
   'hide_empty' => 1,
   'include' => $ids
);

$product_categories = get_terms($args);

foreach( $product_categories as $category ) {
    //Get product thumbnail id
    $thumbnail_id = get_woocommerce_term_meta( $category->term_id, ‘thumbnail_id’, true );

    if(!empty($thumbnail_id)) { 
       $image = wp_get_attachment_url( $thumbnail_id );
    } else { 
      $image = '/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/cat_img.png'; 
     }

    echo 'Category image= '.$image;
    echo 'Category link= '.get_category_link($category->term_id);
    echo 'Category name= '.$category->name;
}